The vast majority of energy is produced with fuel imported from Russia, including gas and nuclear fuel (for its one nuclear power plant); the main domestic energy source is hydroelectric. This route is heavy with traffic going to and from Iran, and you stand a very good chance of being picked up by an Iranian truck driver who might want some company for the long journey. Shared taxis leave from the main bus station in Gyumri to Yerevan. 83,286), Paul Thieme, The 'Aryan' Gods of the Mitanni Treaties. The ceasefire line of 1994 now represents a de facto national boundary and Nagorno-Karabakh is in an odd circumstance of unrecognized statehood. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the "Wilsonian Armenia" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Enhance international co-operation in research and development. By doing so, the Constitutional Court rejected one of the main premises of the protocols, i.e. In 1935, it wis incorporatit wi the veelage o Davalu.In 1939 the toun o Ararat wis offeecially established. As is the case with most mobile numbers, they can also be called within or outside Armenia using the international format. Try to find a phone office that uses the internet for much cheaper rates. Simply arrive and ask around and you will be pointed in the direction of a car, which will leave once full. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. Medieval, Iron Age, Bronze Age and even Stone Age sites are all within a few hours drive from the city. The government has also promised a cash reward of $700,000 to Armenians who win a gold medal at the Olympics. In fall, winter and spring the overnight train #371 runs every second day from Tbilisi, Georgia to Yerevan, leaving at 20:20 and arriving at 06:55 the next morning. In Yerevan, the chief executive is the mayor, elected since 2009. More convenient, if you travel Georgia before, can be to continue into Armenia after visiting the supposedly dead end region of Samtskhe-Javakheti including Borjomi, Bakuriani and Vardzia. [18][19][20] The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301. The new world faced by Armenians after the fall of the Soviet Union has seen great social changes especially in the capital, Yerevan. You may try to bargain. The above map represents Armenia. [94] On 26 December 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist and Armenia's independence was recognised. This former Soviet republic straddles Asia and Europe and boasts an ancient and rich culture. The largest Armenian communities outside of Armenia can be found in Russia, France, Iran, the United States, Georgia, Syria, Lebanon, [126][127][128][129] The Government of Armenia, however, has joined the Eurasian Customs Union[130] and the Eurasian Economic Union. See the Yerevan article and included warning to read all about it. The city of Sevan, due to its proximity to Yerevan, is the most popular place on Lake Sevan but the history, culture and non-Western European feel of the accommodations change as you go south on Lake Sevan. De subsonische strategische bommenwerpers Boeing B-47 Stratojet en Boeing B-52 Stratofortress werden gevolgd door de supersonische Convair B-58 Hustler, met de nog snellere North American B-70 Valkyrie nog op de tekentafels. The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. De Mikojan-Goerevitsj MiG-25 (NAVO-Codenaam: Foxbat) is een supersonische onderscheppings-en verkenningsvliegtuig en een van de snelste militaire vliegtuigen ooit in dienst genomen. [22] Its economy is primarily based on industrial output and mineral extraction. From 1604, Abbas I of Iran implemented a "scorched earth" policy in the region to protect his north-western frontier against any invading Ottoman forces, a policy that involved a forced resettlement of masses of Armenians outside of their homelands.[71]. Cinema in Armenia was born on 16 April 1923, when the Armenian State Committee of Cinema was established by a decree of the Soviet Armenian government. Physical map of Armenia showing major cities, terrain, national parks, rivers, and surrounding countries with international borders and outline maps. Armenia is situated in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. What Happened To Germanwings Flight 4U9525? These are beginning to pop up in a number of towns outside of Yerevan as well. The church, which was limited during the secretaryhood of Stalin, was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. Witnesses there claimed that the MVD used excessive force and that they had instigated the fighting. A popular chain is "Jazzve" (several locations throughout the city, including near the Opera and off Mesrop Mashtots Avenue), which offers many varieties of tea and coffee as well as great desserts. Djokaeff and Boghossian won the 1998 FIFA World Cup with France, Andranik Teymourian competed in the 2006 World Cup for Iran and Edgar Manucharyan played in the Dutch Eredivisie for Ajax. The Nagorno-Karabakh War dominated the region's politics throughout the 1990s. Access to biocapacity in Armenia is lower than world average. Significant rivers include the Aras, Debet and Razdan. In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan. Local calls can be made from kiosks or the rare payphone. If you decide to rent a car, there are a growing number of car rental companies, including Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Alamo, National and others throughout the central Yerevan. Jubilees 8:21 also apportions the Mountains of Ararat to Shem, which Jubilees 9:5 expounds to be apportioned to Aram. Armenia competed internationally as part of the USSR national football team until the Armenian national football team was formed in 1992 after the split of the Soviet Union. In March 1993, Armenia signed the multilateral Chemical Weapons Convention, which calls for the eventual elimination of chemical weapons. The Armenians' religious autonomy was bought through their higher taxation. Mikojan en Soechoj toonden interesse. It is also the political, cultural and economic center of Armenia. [102] Average elevation of the country area is 10th highest in the world and it has 85.9% mountain area, more than Switzerland or Nepal. The biggest danger in Armenia are taxi drivers, especially in Yerevan. [167] High education in Armenia is harmonized with Bologna process. Armenian gold smithery enjoys a long tradition, populating one corner of the market with a selection of gold items. Credit cards are not widely accepted outside Yerevan. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. Border guards and customs officers will not be able to change a US$100 note—so, do not even try. [167], In the early 1990s, Armenia made substantial changes to the centralised and regimented Soviet system. This has visible consequences in Armenia's infrastructure, political system and society, as an educated traveller will notice quite soon. Primary and secondary education in Armenia is free, and completion of secondary school is compulsory. The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina (         ). Now located in Turkey, but clearly visible from Armenia, it is regarded by the Armenians as a symbol of their land. Armenia is a member of the Council of Europe and maintains friendly relations with the European Union; especially with its member states such as France and Greece. The Orbelian Dynasty shared control with the Zakarids in various parts of the country, especially in Syunik and Vayots Dzor, while the House of Hasan-Jalalyan controlled provinces of Artsakh and Utik as the Kingdom of Artsakh. De uitrusting bestaat uit een zeer krachtige radar en vier lucht-luchtraketten. [167] Russian was still widely taught, however, as a second language. Russian airlines include: Aeroflot, S7, Ural, Polet, Tatarstan, UTAir and Yamal. Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. In Yerevan, there are a couple of hostels. The associated border crossing near Bavra is quick, though the condition of the roads on the Georgian side is appalling. It is also possible to get out at Alaverdi (closest major town to Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries). Ed. Mornings are usually slow, and places do not tend to open early, or even on time. According to Gallup research conducted in 2017 Armenia has one of the highest migrant acceptance (welcoming) rates in eastern Europe. The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of Armenia. Instruments like the duduk, dhol, zurna, and kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. The Constitution of Armenia guarantees freedom of speech and Armenia ranks 78th in the 2015 Press Freedom Index report compiled by Reporters Without Borders, between Lesotho and Sierra Leone. In summer, the beaches of this massive high-altitude fresh water lake (one of the largest in the world), are a popular destination for anything from daytrips to camp site vacations and resort holidays. Armenia was annexed by Red Army and along with Georgia and Azerbaijan, it was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) on 4 March 1922. The publication also confirms the absence of cases of killed journalists, citizen journalists or media assistants. : Independent Armenia far below the glory of Soviet times on the pitch, mat", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenia&oldid=980711765, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [145] Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008. The dram is accepted everywhere, and in some rare cases US dollars will be accepted for larger purchases - though the dram is the only legal currency for commerce. Armenian National Academy of Sciences plays important role in postgraduate education. Armenia has universal suffrage above the age of eighteen. Police does not appear to be too crooked, at least not in Yerevan, and in general the country appears to be both reasonably safe and well-organised. Hij is ontworpen door het ontwerpbureau Mikojan-Goerevitsj in de Sovjet-Unie.Het eerste prototype vloog in 1964 en de eerste toestellen kwamen in 1970 in dienst. At the high end are some hotels on Lake Sevan and in Northern Lori Marz (50 km from the Georgian border). Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. More than 20 projects have been cofunded by the State Committee of Science in targeted branches: pharmaceuticals, medicine and biotechnology, agricultural mechanization and machine building, electronics, engineering, chemistry and, in particular, the sphere of information technology. 553 people follow this. Pointing your thumb outwards is also acceptable, which will make it obvious that you are a traveller. [164][165], Research spending is low in Armenia, averaging 0.25% of GDP over 2010–2013. Armenian border guards are in charge of patrolling the country's borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, while Russian troops continue to monitor its borders with Iran and Turkey. The outline map represents Armenia, a country in Eurasia that is considered to be either in Europe or the Middle East. [158][159], In the 2019 report of Global Competitiveness Index Armenia ranks 69th out of 141 economies. Tipping is increasingly common in Armenia, especially at cafes and restaurants. From Meghri, it is around 8 km to the border and hitching or taking a taxi is the only option. Armenia also recognises the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. [204], The Yazidis, who live in the western part of the country, practice Yazidism. Russians and Ottomans dominated Armenia's modern history. [citation needed], Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. Take another US$20 to hire a car for the day to visit the surrounding historical sites. [92] On 23 August 1990, Armenia declared its sovereignty on its territory. The original native Armenian name for the country was Հայք (Hayk’); however, it is currently rarely used. The Book of Jubilees 8:21 from The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. If you have decided to travel heavy by bringing big bags, then going by taxi will be the best option. It fixes the following targets:[166], Based on this strategy, the accompanying Action Plan was approved by the government in June 2011. [95], The Karabakh war ended after a Russian-brokered cease-fire was put in place in 1994. The Armenian Evangelical Church has several thousand members throughout the country. The Dashnaks also worked for the wider goal of creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia, although they sometimes set aside this goal in favour of a more realistic approach, such as advocating autonomy. The system could be described as a hub and spoke system, with each city offering local transportation to its surrounding villages and each city offering connections to Yerevan. About 484,000 Armenians lived in Azerbaijan in 1970. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2008. Armenia is bordered on the north by Georgia, the east by Azerbaijan; the south by Iran; and the southwest and west by Turkey. At the end of the war, the victorious powers sought to divide up the Ottoman Empire. It can also be tough to get to more remote sites outside of populated areas. Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East. After the Sasanian period (428–636), Armenia emerged as Arminiya, an autonomous principality under the Umayyad Caliphate, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well. It has many lovely hotels and is popular year round. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. [167] In the communist era, Armenian education followed the standard Soviet model of complete state control (from Moscow) of curricula and teaching methods and close integration of education activities with other aspects of society, such as politics, culture, and the economy. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid dynasty of Iran divided Armenia. It offers great views of Mount Ararat which is in Turkey, but is nonetheless seen on the Armenian national flag. [166], The government is focusing its support on selected industrial sectors. It is a landlocked country. [167], In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. Since most taxis do not have meters though, you can negotiate a price before you leave. From Goris you can go onwards to Tatev, the Iranian border or up to Nagorno-Karabakh. [150] Before independence, Armenia's economy was largely industry-based – chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile – and highly dependent on outside resources. Armenia and the Armenian diaspora have produced many successful footballers, including Youri Djorkaeff, Alain Boghossian, Andranik Eskandarian, Andranik Teymourian, Edgar Manucharyan and Nikita Simonyan. Creation of a system capable of sustaining the development of science and technology; Development of scientific potential, modernization of scientific infrastructure; Creation of a synergistic system of education, science and innovation; and. The only station north of Gyumri that is officially accessible to passengers is Vanadzor, where the Georgia-bound train stops. The Armenian visa does not expire nor prolong when entering Nagorno-Karabakh, and you cannot obtain a new one when entering Armenia from Nagorno-Karabakh. Wrestling has been a successful sport in the Olympics for Armenia. VivaCell MTS has booths offering free SIM-Cards to incoming visitors at the airport. [162], In the 2019 report of Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International Armenia ranked 77 of 179 countries. These priorities are:[166], The Law on the National Academy of Sciences was adopted in May 2011. Okroshka is cold soup with tan, cucumber and dill; it is a healthy and refreshing dairy product. However, as Christians under a strict Muslim social structure, Armenians faced pervasive discrimination. This page shows the elevation/altitude information of Armenia, including elevation map, topographic map, narometric pressure, longitude and latitude. There was even consideration of making Armenia a mandate under the protection of the United States. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed. [61], Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Tsaghkadzor is a well-known winter retreat. The 9n is a mobile prefix, not an "area code", as such and the second and sometimes third digits (the n part) des the original mobile network assigned. [167] In the 1990–91 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students. Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the mountains of Ararat.There is evidence of an early civilisation in Armenia in the Bronze Age and earlier, dating to about 4000 BC. The chief executive in each of the ten provinces is the marzpet (marz governor), appointed by the government of Armenia. If you were to question whether it happened you would probably be considered ignorant or rude. Not as common as in the days of the post-Soviet collapse, hitchhiking is still perfectly safe and acceptable, and travellers hitchhiking are not an uncommon sight on the main routes. There are only checkpoints administrated by Nagorno-Karabakh police. You must dial "0" in front of the geographic area code from outside that particular area code (but when still within Armenia). It is very common to give up your seat for an elderly passenger on the public transport. [97], As it enters the 21st century, Armenia faces many hardships. Much of the region's history has since been spent under the dominion of whichever great power was à la mode at the time: Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans, Persians, Russians and Soviets have all come and gone. Hij is ontworpen door het ontwerpbureau Mikojan-Goerevitsj in de Sovjet-Unie. Traditional Armenian wrestling is called Kokh and practised in traditional garb; it was one of the influences included in the Soviet combat sport of Sambo, which is also very popular. It was part of the administrative division/emirate Arminiya created by the Arabs, which also included parts of Georgia and Caucasian Albania, and had its centre in the Armenian city, Dvin. Armenia has restrictive non-smoking laws that are widely ignored. There are three GSM service providers operating in Armenia. The first sound film, Pepo was shot in 1935 and directed by Hamo Beknazarian. However the origins of the name Hayastan trace back to much earlier dates and were first attested in circa 5th century in the works of Agathangelos,[24][25] Faustus of Byzantium,[26][27] Ghazar Parpetsi,[28] Koryun,[29] and Sebeos.[30]. Many are made with Armenian grape varietals not being grown anywhere else in the world. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be practised on lakes, notably Lake Sevan. [90] The Armenians of Karabakh demanded unification with Soviet Armenia. In the case of an attack, Armenia is able to mobilize every able-bodied man between the age of 15 and 59, with military preparedness. The status of Karabakh has yet to be determined. Clashes soon broke out between the NAA and Soviet Internal Security Forces (MVD) troops based in Yerevan when Armenians decided to commemorate the establishment of the 1918 First Republic of Armenia. There is a wide range of different types of bread, including black, white lavash (a soft, thin flatbread), and matnaqash. Armenian cuisine is closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine; various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The Government also supports Armenian schools outside of Armenia. This tool allows you to look up elevation data by searching address or clicking on a live google map. [181] As of 2016[update], there are an estimated 35,000 Yazidis in Armenia.[182]. ATMs (Bankomats) are widely available in larger towns; though outside of Yerevan, you should have a major system such as Visa or MasterCard on your card for it to work. This famous mountain can be seen (weather permitting) from the nation's capital, Yerevan. Autumns are known for their vibrant and colourful foliage. Most inter-city travel is by 14-seat minibuses or buses. It particularly focused on the worship of Mithra and also included a pantheon of gods such as Aramazd, Vahagn, Anahit, and Astghik. In a park near the corner of Abovyan and Moskovyan Streets, close to the Yeritasardakan Metro Station, vendors sell thousands of books. During World War I, 1.5 million Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan) is a landlocked country in the Caucasus. There is daily modern bus service to Yerevan available from Tehran or Tabriz for about US$50-60; check travel agencies for that. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. He had risen to prominence by leading the Karabakh movement for the unification of the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh. This means they use double as much biocapacity as Armenia contains. Smaller nations that have claimed a prior official adoption of Christianity include, Ագաթանգեղոս §§ 13 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհէս), 16 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս 2x, ի Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 35 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 160 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 249 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 715 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 776 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 784 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 796 (ի մէջ Հայաստան աշխարհի), 808 (հասանէին ի Հայաստան աշխարհն)։, Փաւստոս Բուզանդ 1883=1984, էջ 1 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), Փաւստոս Բուզանդ 1883=1984, 4.բ, էջ 56 (Հայաստան երկրին), 904=1985, էջ 2 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 110 (կանայս ի Հայաստան աշխարհիս), Կորիւն 1994, էջ 83 (Հայաստան աշխարհի), 93 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 103 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհին), 120 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհէս), ժը (սեռ. (pp.67) Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Movses Khorenatsi, History of Armenia. Better not go during the night, since unexpected pot holes, stray dogs, and missing street lighting and marking can make driving then quite dangerous. During the First World War, the Ottomans fought the Russians. Public transportation is very good and inexpensive (about 100 dram/10 km) in Armenia, with timetables here and connections here. [94] In 1993, Turkey joined the blockade against Armenia in support of Azerbaijan.